“For China and for the entire world, the concept of borders has changed dramatically in the past century. In ancient times, China was made of a “core” and a “periphery”. The periphery was madeFor China and for the entire world, the concept of borders has changed dramatically in the past century. In ancient times, China was made of a “core” and a “periphery”. The periphery was made of territories and states, which had special and different relationships with the core, and this made up what was the Chinese world. All territories in the region shared cultural concepts with the core in part or in whole, and they were to a greater or lesser degree part of a Chinese civilization. In a way, Korea and Vietnam had tighter relationships with China’s core than, say, what is now modern Tibet. Japan was linked to Beijing more closely than what is now the city of Kashgar, in Chinese Xinjiang. ”
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